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| ===Benjamin "Hawkeye" Pierce=== | | == {{PAGENAME}} == |
| {{anchor|Hawkeye Pierce}} | | |
| {{Redirect|Hawkeye (M*A*S*H)|the episode|Hawkeye (M*A*S*H episode)}}
| | {{Infobox Person |
| {{Infobox character | | | Name = [Name der Person] |
| | name = Benjamin "Hawkeye" Pierce | | | Bild = [Dateiname des Bildes] <!-- z.B. "Beispiel.jpg" --> |
| | series = [[M*A*S*H]] | | | Bildbeschreibung = [Kurze Bildbeschreibung] |
| | image = [[File:Alan Alda Hawkeye MASH.JPG|200px]] | | | Geboren = [Geburtsdatum] |
| | caption = | | | Geburtsort = [Geburtsort] |
| | first = ''[[MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors]]'' | | | Gestorben = [Sterbedatum oder "lebend" falls noch aktiv] |
| | last = "[[Goodbye, Farewell and Amen]]" | | | Nationalität = [Nationalität] |
| | portrayer = [[M*A*S*H (film)|Film]]: [[Donald Sutherland]]<br />[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|Television]]: [[Alan Alda]] | | | Beruf = [Beruf(e)] |
| | nickname =
| | | Organisationen = [Mitgliedschaften oder Organisationen] |
| | gender = Male
| | | Auszeichnungen = [Liste der Auszeichnungen, falls vorhanden] |
| | title = [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]] and Chief Surgeon | |
| | lbl21 = Hometown | |
| | data21 = Crabapple Cove, [[Maine]]
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| | family = Benjy Pierce (father--novel); Daniel Pierce (father--TV)
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| | spouse = Vanessa Pierce Girlfriend (pretend, in TV episode 1/23)
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| }} | | }} |
| '''Captain Benjamin Franklin''' "'''Hawkeye'''" ''' Pierce''' (Jr. in the novel) was played by [[Donald Sutherland]] in the film, and by [[Alan Alda]] in the television series. A principal character of the series, where between long sessions of treating wounded patients, he is found making wisecracks, drinking heavily, carousing, womanizing, and pulling pranks on the people around him, especially Frank Burns and "Hot Lips" Houlihan. In the novel, he serves as a moral center and author's [[alter ego]], chiding Trapper John for calling Major Houlihan "Hot Lips", which Pierce never does. Although just one of an ensemble of characters in author [[Richard Hooker (author)|Richard Hooker]]'s ''MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors'', in the television series, Hawkeye became the center of the MASH unit's medical activity. In the television series, he becomes the Chief Surgeon of the unit early in the first season.<ref>Gelbart, Larry. ''M*A*S*H'', Episode 1/4, "[[Chief Surgeon Who?]]". First aired October 8, 1972.</ref> Alan Alda is the only actor to appear in all 256 episodes of the series.
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| Pierce was born and raised in [[New England]], most often mentioning Crabapple Cove, Maine, as a place that his family had a summer home and with a few references (primarily in the early seasons) to Vermont. His father graduated from medical school and settled as a doctor in Crabapple Cove in 1911. His mother is deceased and he has a sister (like Vermont, they are mentioned in some early episodes and then never again; although, in season 4, he says he was an only child), and he is close to his father. In the novel and film, Hawkeye is married with children, but in the TV series, he is a bachelor and something of a ladies' man (although he fakes being married to Vanessa Pierce Girlfriend in episode 1/23 "Ceasefire".)
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| He was given the nickname "Hawkeye" by his father, Benjy (Sr.), in the novel and in the series from the character in the novel ''[[The Last of the Mohicans]]'', "the only book my old man ever read".<ref>Hornberger, Richard. ''MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors'', William Morrow, 1968, p. 12</ref> His birth name is taken from a member of Hooker's own family named Franklin Pierce.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sherman |first=Dale |date=2016 |title=MASH FAQ: Everything Left to Know About the Best Care Anywhere |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |publisher=Applause Books |isbn=9781480355897}}</ref>
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| Although he had a rather unremarkable boyhood, by his own admission he had had several experiences he never forgot. Once when young, he fell overboard in a pond and nearly drowned as a result of a cruel practical joke, leaving him with lifelong claustrophobia. When he was 14, his father was angered to find him in bed with a girl and smoking a cigarette. When he was 12, he discovered his father was dating a female bookkeeper; to keep his father's attention all to himself, Hawkeye selfishly ruined their relationship so they couldn't marry.
| | '''Biografie''' |
| | [Kurze Einführung zur Person, z.B. Herkunft, Ausbildung, oder besondere Merkmale.] |
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| He attended the fictional [[Androscoggin County, Maine|Androscoggin]] College. In the book and the film, Hawkeye had played [[American football|football]] in college; in the series, he is non-athletic. After completing his medical [[residency (medicine)|residency]] (possibly in Chicago; he has a familiarity with the city that implies extended time spent there, ''e.g.'', "Adam's Ribs"); he had a [[common law]] marriage with a nurse, Carlye Breslin, but they broke up after a year. In 1950 he was [[conscription in the United States#Cold War|drafted]] into the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] [[Army Medical Department (United States)#Medical Corps|Medical Corps]] and sent to serve at the 4077th [[Mobile Army Surgical Hospital]] (MASH) during the [[Korean War]]. He became Chief Surgeon instead of Burns because Hawkeye specialized in cardiothoracic surgery in addition to general surgery, whereas Burns was only qualified in general surgery. Alda said of Pierce, "Some people think he was very liberal. But he was also a traditional conservative. I mean, he wanted nothing more than to have people leave him alone so he could enjoy his martini, you know? Government should get out of his liquor cabinet".<ref name="ap20111120">{{cite episode |title=The Crusader |series=America in Primetime |network=PBS |air-date=November 20, 2011 |season=1 |url= http://www.iptv.org/video/detail.cfm/24107/aipr_20111120_000104_crusader |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105731/http://www.iptv.org/video/detail.cfm/24107/aipr_20111120_000104_crusader |archive-date=May 31, 2014 }}</ref>
| | === Frühes Leben === |
| | [Informationen über die frühe Lebensgeschichte, einschließlich Ausbildung, Familie und Einflüsse.] |
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| Pierce has little tolerance for military red tape and protocol, feeling they get in the way of his doing his job, and has little respect for most Regular Army personnel. He never wears rank insignia on his fatigues, usually wears a bathrobe instead of uniform, never polishes his combat boots, and only wears his Class A uniform when he believes appearance can achieve greater good, but does not wear any of the decorations to which he is entitled. (Based on what was told and shown in the course of the series, these would include the World War II Victory Medal, the Army of Occupation Medal,<ref>M*A*S*H,Episode 1/01, "Pilot", First aired September 17, 1972.</ref> the National Defense Service Medal, the Korean Campaign Medal, the U.N. Service Medal, the [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]], the Commendation Medal, the Purple Heart, and possibly a [[Legion of Merit]]; plus the [[Combat Medical Badge]] for his periodic service at battalion aid stations.) On occasion, he assumes temporary command of the 4077th in the absence or disability of Colonels Blake or Potter.
| | === Karriere === |
| | [Details zur beruflichen Laufbahn, einschließlich wichtiger Stationen, Projekte und Erfolge.] |
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| As a surgeon, he does not like the use of firearms and he refuses to carry a sidearm as required by regulations when serving as Officer of the Day.<ref>Marks, Lawrence. ''M*A*S*H'', Episode 3/3, "Officer of the Day". First aired September 24, 1974. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</ref> When he is ordered by Colonel Potter to carry his issue pistol on a trip to a [[Republic of Korea Armed Forces|ROK]] aid station and they are ambushed on the road, he fires it into the air rather than at their attackers. This was after he told the gun "You're fired."<ref name="Episode 5-11">Folb, Jay. ''M*A*S*H'', Episode 5/11, "Hawkeye, Get Your Gun". First aired November 30, 1976. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</ref> He is also a chronic alcoholic, for three years in Korea drinking every day three times more heavily than the average person [his homemade still; daily tabs at the MASH Officers' Club, and Rosie's Bar] and also drinks 12-year-old Scotch whisky and Seagrams (Canadian whisky) — the latter so heavily that in the episode "Bottle Fatigue" Klinger decides to buy stock in Seagrams.
| | === Persönliches Leben === |
| | [Informationen über das persönliche Leben, wie Familie, Hobbys oder besondere Interessen.] |
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| In the series finale, "Goodbye, Farewell, and Amen", Hawkeye experiences a mental breakdown when a Korean woman suffocates her infant child in response to his frantic demand that she quiet her child lest enemy soldiers hear it and discover them. In talking to psychiatrist Sidney Freedman he first says that the woman had suffocated a chicken, until Freedman led him to admit the repressed memory — the horror of a mother smothering her own baby. He recommended that Hawkeye return to the 4077th for the end of the war to come to terms with what he had endured. In real life, Pierce would have faced a [[Section 8 (military)|Section 8]] discharge due to his emotional breakdown, having serving in Korea for at least two years in a MASH unit.
| | === Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen === |
| | * [Jahr] – [Auszeichnung oder Ehrung] |
| | * [Jahr] – [Auszeichnung oder Ehrung] |
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| In an episode earlier in the series, Hawkeye is mistakenly reported dead. He boards a Quartermaster Corps bus/hearse which has dead soldiers aboard, saying he has just about had his fill of war, and admits he is tired of seeing death every day.<ref>M*A*S*H, Episode 4/05, "The Late Captain Pierce". First aired October 3, 1975.</ref> In one episode, a temporary replacement surgeon from Tokyo General Hospital, who cut his teeth performing meatball surgery under impossible conditions in the [[Battle of the Pusan Perimeter|Pusan Perimeter]] at the start of the war, does indeed crack under pressure and probably received a Section 8 due to his emotional breakdown that prevents him working as a combat surgeon.<ref>M*A*S*H, Episode 8/17, "Heal Thyself".</ref>
| | === Literaturverzeichnis === |
| | [Referenzen oder Quellen, die für die Erstellung des Artikels verwendet wurden.] |
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| When the [[Korean Armistice Agreement]] is announced, he states his intention to return to Crabapple Cove to be a local doctor who has the time to get to know his patients, instead of contending with the endless flow of casualties he faced during his time in Korea. He is depicted doing this in Hooker's two sequels, ''[[M*A*S*H Goes to Maine]]'' and ''[[M*A*S*H Mania]]''.
| | === Weblinks === |
| {{Clear|right}}
| | * [Link zu einer offiziellen Webseite oder sozialen Medien] |
| | * [Zusätzliche relevante Links] |
